In accordance with the Forrester Wave product evaluation methodology, Forrester conducted more than 50 customer reference interviews with users from 14 project portfolio management (PPM) software vendors. These users ranged from mature early adopters to those just beginning to experiment with the tools. They use the tools to manage portfolios of projects ranging from new software development to the design of new sports equipment. Having gone through either painless or nightmarish implementations, these organizations provided Forrester with a list of lessons learned that apply to any situation for preventing adoption failure, poor performance, and stagnation.