CIOs who wish to position IT for more sustainable contributions to business productivity and innovation must first address two problems that have consumed IT since the early days of client-server: 1) duplication within IT assets and organizations, and 2) IT's traditional workaround culture. These conditions sap IT budgets and management's attention — making focus on business outcomes elusive and fleeting. CIOs must regularly look for symptoms signaling a rise in duplication and organizational ambiguity on the strategies and values that should guide IT efforts.