The rise of the chief sustainability officer (CSO) is accelerating as companies realize their future lies in innovating new products, services, and business models that are environmentally, socially, and economically sustainable. Like the digital transformation, the sustainability transformation requires effective and experienced leaders; in this case, they must develop a sustainability vision, drive organizational change, and embed a science-based strategy into the core business model. This report details what is needed from a CSO to drive long-term stakeholder value while avoiding risky missteps.