The mainframe modernization narrative has shifted from migration to optimization with a focus on the best platform for specific workloads, like large-scale batch transaction processing. Our data shows that mainframe footprints are growing; modernization takes many forms; mainframe budgets are increasing; and the staffing crisis is not as bad as it was projected to be. Mainframe software, services, and platform vendors continue to evolve to support the integration of mainframes with cloud and have shifted focus toward innovations that add to top-line growth, not just cost efficiency. This report highlights enterprise mainframe usage from our latest data in Forrester’s Infrastructure Survey, 2024.