As we enter a cloud-obsessed world of commodity infrastructure, specialized computing may appear to be a thing of the past — but that’s not the case at all. Cloud has removed hurdles to infrastructure access, providing on-demand access to an assortment of computing. A wide range of industries now have a need for complex simulations, massive data analytics, and AI. For financial services, that means simulations, risk analysis, and fraud detection. For retail, it’s inventory analysis, logistics, consumer profiling, and revenue prediction. This report defines the specialized infrastructure trend and its future while identifying the key technologies that will enable its adoption at scale.