Kubernetes and container adoption bring benefits like reduced time to market, higher productivity, and greater resilience. But they also require investments in technology and services. Cloud leaders who want to accurately model the ROI of Kubernetes and container adoption must estimate the size of required investments, expected benefits, and timing for delivery of both. This report shows cloud leaders how to build an ROI model that can power their business case, including where to look for benefits, how to quantify them, and how to estimate transformation costs. The report builds on Forrester’s Total Economic Impact™ (TEI) methodology.