Automation is evolving into a strategic mandate and a crucial imperative for the next stage of digital transformation. As this transformation occurs, organizations can no longer rely on tactically focused automation leadership to navigate through this new digital epoch. Companies need a chief automation officer: a leader who can align automation initiatives with digital outcomes and drive a transformational automation program across all its dimensions: strategy, process, technology, data, and cultural change. Forrester reviews the aptitudes for this emerging role, responsibilities, necessary background, associated technologies, skills, knowledge, and success metrics.