Despite line-by-line transparency in public cloud billing, the difficulties handling public cloud costs loom large. Billing comprehension is further complicated by the hundreds of new services released by public cloud providers on a quarterly basis. As companies now see cloud as the critical path to transformation, growth, and differentiation, the cost of doing business in the cloud is increasing to unmanageable levels. With COVID-19, inquiries from Forrester’s clients have escalated. This report explores how leading public cloud providers approach pricing to help infrastructure and operations (I&O) leaders make sense of this dynamic market and keep their own cloud costs down.