Paul focuses on digital manufacturing and the internet of things (IoT), with research that explores how new technologies challenge established organizations and their business models. He looks at the role of IoT in everything from simple tracking of device status to transformation of the ways in which machines are built, sold, used, and maintained. Related themes include the growing importance of digital twin throughout the life of industrial assets and the role that augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR) play in the future of industrial work.